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The links in this section opens a new window.
Prevention Guidelines
West
Nile Virus & Eastern
Equine
Encephalitis
http://www.dhhs.state.nh.us/DHHS/CDCS/West+Nile+Virus/WNV-prevention-guidelines.htm |
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West Nile
Virus
(WNV)
is
transmitted
through the
bite of an
infected
mosquito
that has
picked up
the virus by
feeding on
an infected
bird. For
humans the
risk of
contracting
the
infection is
low and in
the
overwhelming
majority of
cases, there
are no
symptoms or
just mild,
flu-like
symptoms.
If illness
does occur,
it happens
within 3 to
15 days
after being
bitten by an
infected
mosquito.
Eastern
Equine
Encephalitis
(EEE)
is
also caused
by a virus
transmitted
by the bite
of an
infected
mosquito with
more severe
symptoms
than for WNV.
The same
precautions
for WNV can
be used to
prevent EEE.
There is a
vaccine for
horses
against EEE
as well,
which needs
to be given
in two
doses.
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Prevention
Guidelines
1.
Eliminate
standing
water and
other
mosquito
breeding
locations.
In warm
weather,
mosquitoes
can breed in
any puddle
that lasts
more than 4
days!
 |
Remove
old
tires
from
your
property.
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Dispose
of tin
cans,
plastic
containers,
ceramic
pots, or
other
containers.
Don't
overlook
containers
that
have
become
overgrown
by
aquatic
vegetation.
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Drill
holes in
the
bottom
of
recycling
containers
that are
left
outside.
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Make
sure
roof
gutters
are
clean
and
draining
properly.
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Clean
and
chlorinate
swimming
pools
and hot
tubs. If
not in
use,
keep
empty
and
covered
and keep
covers
free of
standing
water.
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Aerate
garden
ponds or
stock
them
with
fish.
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Turn
over
wheelbarrows
and
change
water in
birdbaths
at least
twice
weekly.
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Turn
over
plastic
wading
pools
when not
in use.
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Remind
or help
neighbors
to
eliminate
breeding
sites on
their
properties.
|
2.
Be aware of
where
mosquitoes
live and
breed and
keep them
from
entering
your home.
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Mosquitoes
lay
their
eggs in
standing
water.
Weeds,
tall
grass,
and
bushes
provide
an
outdoor
home for
the
adult
Culex
pipiens
mosquito
(the
common
northern
house
mosquito),
which is
most
commonly
associated
with
West
Nile
virus.
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Mosquitoes
can
enter
homes
through
unscreened
windows
or
doors,
or
broken
screens.
Make
sure
that
doors
and
windows
have
tight-fitting
screens.
Repair
or
replace
all
screens
in your
home
that
have
tears or
holes.
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Resting
mosquitoes
can
often be
flushed
from
indoor
resting
sites by
using
sweeping
motions
under
beds,
behind
bedside
tables
etc. and
once in
flight,
exterminated
prior to
sleeping
at
night. |
3.
Protect
yourself
from
mosquito
bites.
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If
outside
during
evening,
nighttime,
and dawn
hours
when
mosquitoes
are most
active
and
likely
to bite,
children
and
adults
should
wear
protective
clothing
such as
long
pants,
long-sleeved
shirts,
and
socks.
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Consider
the use
of an
effective
insect
repellent,
such as
one
containing
DEET. A
repellent
containing
10% or
less
DEET (N,N-diethyl-methyl-meta-toluamide)
for
children,
and no
more
than 30%
DEET for
adults.
Use DEET
according
to the
manufacturer's
directions.
Children
should
not
apply
DEET to
themselves.
Repellents
that
contain
Picaridin
or oil
of lemon
eucalyptus
have
also
been
determined
to be
effective.
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Vitamin
B,
ultrasonic
devices,
incense,
and bug
zappers
have not
been
shown to
be
effective
in
preventing
mosquito
bites.
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Fight The Bite!
Avoid
Mosquito
Bites
to
Avoid
Infection |
 Download
PDF
version
formatted
for
print (143 KB/3 pages) |
| |
When dealing with West Nile virus, prevention is your best bet. Fighting mosquito bites reduces your risk of getting this disease, along with others that mosquitoes can carry. Take the commonsense steps below to reduce your risk:
| avoid bites and illness;
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| clean out the mosquitoes from the places where you work and play;
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| help your community control the disease.
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Something to remember: The chance that any one person is going to become ill from a single mosquito bite remains low. The risk of severe illness and death is highest for people over 50 years old, although people of all ages can become ill.
|
West Nile Virus Basics
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Avoid
Mosquito
Bites |
 
Use
Insect
Repellent
on
exposed
skin
when
you
go
outdoors.
Use
an
EPA-registered
insect
repellent
such
as
those
with
DEET,
picaridin
or
oil
of
lemon
eucalyptus.
Even
a
short
time
being
outdoors
can
be
long
enough
to
get
a
mosquito
bite.
For
details
on
when
and
how
to
apply
repellent,
see
Insect
Repellent
Use
and
Safety
in
our
Questions and Answers
pages.
See
also
Using
Insect
Repellent
Safely
from
the
EPA.
|
Get double protection: wear long sleeves during peak mosquito biting hours, and spray repellent directly onto your clothes.
|
Clothing Can Help Reduce Mosquito Bites
When weather permits, wear long-sleeves, long pants and socks when outdoors. Mosquitoes may bite through thin clothing, so spraying clothes with repellent containing permethrin or another EPA-registered repellent will give extra protection. Don't apply repellents containing permethrin directly to skin. Do not spray repellent on the skin under your clothing. |
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Be
Aware
of
Peak
Mosquito
Hours
The
hours
from
dusk
to
dawn
are
peak
biting
times
for
many
species
of
mosquitoes.
Take
extra
care
to
use
repellent
and
protective
clothing
during
evening
and
early
morning
--
or
consider
avoiding
outdoor
activities
during
these
times.
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Mosquito-Proof Your Home |
Drain standing water from around your home |
Drain Standing Water
Mosquitoes lay their eggs in standing water.Limit the number of places around your home for mosquitoes to breed by getting rid of items that hold water. Need examples? Learn more on the Prevention of West Nile Virus Question and Answer page. |
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Install or Repair Screens
Some
mosquitoes
like
to
come
indoors.
Keep
them
outside
by
having
well-fitting
screens
on
both
windows
and
doors.
Offer
to
help
neighbors
whose
screens
might
be
in
bad
shape.
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Help Your Community |
Report Dead Birds to
Local
Authorities
Dead
birds
may
be a
sign
that
West
Nile
virus
is
circulating
between
birds
and
the
mosquitoes
in
an
area.
Over
130 species
of
birds
are
known
to
have
been
infected
with
West
Nile
virus,
though
not
all
infected
birds
will
die.
It's
important
to
remember
that
birds
die
from
many
other
causes
besides
West
Nile
virus.
By reporting dead birds to state and local health departments, you
can play an important role in monitoring West Nile virus. State and
local
agencies
have
different
policies
for
collecting
and
testing
birds,
so
check
the
Links to
State
and
Local
Government
Sites
page
to
find
information
about
reporting
dead
birds
in
your
area.
Click here
for
more
info
about
reporting
dead
birds
and
dealing
with
bird
carcasses. |
Mosquito Control Programs
Check
with
local
health
authorities
to
see
if
there
is
an
organized
mosquito
control
program
in
your
area.
If
no
program
exists,
work
with
your
local government
officials
to
establish
a
program.
The
American
Mosquito
Control
Association
can
provide
advice,
and
their
book
Organization
for
Mosquito
Control
is a
useful
reference.
A report overview of
Public
Health
Confronts
the
Mosquito:
Sustainable
State
and
Local
Mosquito
Control
Programs
by
the
Association
of
State
and
Territorial
Health
Officials
is
located
on
this
website,
including
"what
you
can
do"
about
mosquito
control.
The
entire
final
report
from
the
Mosquito
Control
Collaborative
is
also
online.
More questions about mosquito control? A source for information
about
pesticides
and
repellents
is
the
National
Pesticide
Information
Center,
which
also
operates
a
toll-free
information
line:
1-800-858-7378
(check
their
Web
site
for
hours).
|
Clean Up
Mosquito
breeding
sites
can
be
anywhere.
Neighborhood
clean
up
days
can
be
organized
by
civic
or
youth
organizations
to
pick
up
containers
from
vacant
lots
and
parks,
and
to
encourage
people
to
keep
their
yards
free
of
standing
water.
Mosquitoes
don't
care
about
fences,
so
it's
important
to
control
breeding
sites
throughout
the
neighborhood. |
Find out more about
local
prevention
efforts
Find
state
and
local
West
Nile
virus
information
and
contacts
on
the
Links to
State
and
Local
Government
Sites
page. |
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